Efecto del diésel sobre el crecimiento y la composición bioquímica de Chlorella spp.: mixotrofía y consorcios microalga-bacteria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18487497Palabras clave:
diesel, efecto tóxico, macromoléculas orgánicas, microalgas, remoción de hidrocarburosResumen
La contaminación ambiental por compuestos orgánicos se agrava constantemente al aumentar las actividades mineras e industriales, lo que requiere el desarrollo de tecnologías de tratamiento para minimizar el impacto antropogénico sobre los ecosistemas. En este sentido, en el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto del gasoil sobre el crecimiento y la composición bioquímica de Chlorella spp., mediante ensayos discontinuos a escala de laboratorio con tratamientos de 0.25 (T1), 0.50 (T2) y 1.00 (T3) % v/v de gasoil. Las concentraciones de clorofila a estuvieron entre 0.51 y 8.52 µg/mL, de clorofila b entre 0.15 y 3.09 µg/mL, de clorofila total entre 0.66 y 11.32 µg/mL y de carotenoides entre 0.24 y 3.66 µg/mL; mientras que las de proteínas totales se presentaron entre 160.32 y 818.44 µg/mL, de carbohidratos totales entre 43.80 y 209.22 µg/mL y de lípidos totales entre 110.30 y 715.31 µg/mL. Se evidenciaron cambios en los contenidos de pigmentos fotosintéticos de las microalgas (T1 y T2), así como una estimulación del crecimiento (T1) y de la producción de biomoléculas (todos los tratamientos), probablemente debido al crecimiento mixotrófico de la microalga y/o a la acción simbiótica con las bacterias asociadas (consorcio microbiano). El mejor desempeño en la degradación de hidrocarburos totales del petróleo se obtuvo a la menor proporción aplicada de gasoil (T1: 75.8 %). El uso de microalgas bajo la forma de cultivo mixotrófico o en consorcios microbianos, resulta altamente versátil para la degradación de hidrocarburos, reduciendo la contaminación y permitiendo la obtención de metabolitos con importancia comercial.
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